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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-GB link="#467886" vlink="#96607D" style='tab-interval:36.0pt;word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Hi Peter and Quinten,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>I just wanted to put my thoughts down on an open issue which was raised during our discussions on Wednesday.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The issue is that the most useful references to other Activities contained in Activit<span class=SpellE>yDetails</span> structures (for example in Constraints) are to other Activities also defined as <span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span> structures contained within the same overall MO Object – either an <span class=SpellE>ActivityDefinition</span> or a <span class=SpellE>PlanningRequest</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>This is what allows users to specify a template for a sub-schedule of activities to be incorporated in a plan.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>This can be either a pre-defined hierarchical structure (an <span class=SpellE>ActivityDefinition</span>) or a user initiated <span class=SpellE>PlanningRequest</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>It should be possible to specify constraints (typically temporal/sequential) <span class=GramE>between <span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>the</span> child activities defined in these cases.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Currently this is not possible, as there is only an <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span>, and the <span class=SpellE>ActivityInstances</span> associated with the <span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span> have not yet been instantiated by the planning system (that is what the <span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span> is specifying).<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>It would be very cumbersome to have to define these constraints in a second pass after the instances have been created.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>It is also highly desirable that such tightly coupled information be defined once in a single place.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>A few simple <span class=GramE>example</span> use cases relating to either an <span class=SpellE>ActivityDefinition</span> or a <span class=SpellE>PlanningRequest</span> (the “parent” object):<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:2.25pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>In the parent object, <span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span> are specified for two child activities (A and B) and a constraint is applied to B that says it should sequentially follow A.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>This requires a reference to its sibling <span class=SpellE>ActivityInstance</span> that has not yet been created.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:2.25pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The parent object has a child activity (A) and an argument of type <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> (X) that is used to point to an <span class=SpellE>EventInstance</span>.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>A constraint is applied to A that it should sequentially follow X.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>This requires a reference to an <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> contained in an Argument of the Parent.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:2.25pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The value specified for an Argument of the child activity (A) is taken from an argument of the same type of the parent object (Y).<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>This allows an argument of any type to cascade down to child activities.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Previously this was supported as an Expression of type <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> and a rather convoluted default literal <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> syntax that allowed for references to Arguments and to the children of the parent.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Now only an <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> itself is supported – and from Wednesday’s discussions this should be extended to allow references to <span class=SpellE>ActivityDefinitions</span> and <span class=SpellE>EventDefinitions</span> as well as <span class=SpellE>ActivityInstances</span> and <span class=SpellE>EventInstances</span>.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>However, this does not support the two use cases above.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>It is my view that these represent an essential capability of the standard.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>To reference a sibling activity, a reference to the class <span class=SpellE>ActivityDefinition</span> could be used, but this has drawbacks:<o:p></o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>What if there is more than one sibling of the same class?<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Is such a reference constrained to be an Activity of that class contained in the same parent, or can it also refer to all <span class=SpellE>ActivityInstances</span> of that class?<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>We probably want both cases.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>There is no current way to reference an <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> contained in an Argument.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>My suggestion is that these <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> attributes contained in Constraints should be changed to a new MPS type – lets call it <span class=SpellE>IndirectRef</span> (I’m sure you can come up with a better term).<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>This essentially works as a primitive expression of type <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>IndirectRef</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> is an Abstract type, with three subtypes:<o:p></o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>DirectRef</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> – which simply contains an <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> as now.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>A reference can be made to an extant Activity or <span class=SpellE>EventInstance</span>, or to the class Activity or <span class=SpellE>EventDefinition</span>.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>If a Definition is <span class=GramE>referenced</span> then the constraint is with ALL instances of that class.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>ArgumentRef</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> – in which the name of an Argument of the parent of type <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> can be specified.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>The referenced object (<span class=SpellE>ActivityInstance</span> or <span class=SpellE>EventInstance</span>) then resolves at run-time to that passed in as an Argument to the parent Object.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo3'><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>SiblingRef</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> – in which the sequential number of the <span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span> contained in the children of the parent object is specified.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>The referenced object then resolves at run-time to the instantiated sibling <span class=SpellE>ActivityInstance</span>.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>A variant of this would be to add a Name field to the <span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span> so that the <span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span> can be referenced by Identifier rather than Index.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>This doesn’t cater for the case of assigning values to child arguments based on the parent arguments, but a similar approach could be taken with a new abstract type <span class=SpellE>IndirectVal</span>, with two sub-types <span class=SpellE>DirectVal</span> (a value) and <span class=SpellE>ArgumentVal</span>, which specifies the name of an Argument of the parent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Finally, it occurs to me that this can be wrapped up together with your new approach for Expressions.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>As I recall you have an Abstract type with two sub-types:<o:p></o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:2.25pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>That contains a MAL::Element<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:2.25pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>That contains an Expression (Type, Language, Expression)<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Simply extend this to include two additional sub-types:<o:p></o:p></span></p><ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=3 type=1><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:2.25pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>ArgumentRef</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> that contains the name of an argument of the Parent object that should be assigned as the value of the expression at run-time.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:2.25pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>SiblingRef</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> – which contains a reference to the Index or Identifier of the child Details object (could be <span class=SpellE>ActivityDetails</span>, <span class=SpellE>EventDetails</span> or other similar data class).<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>This resolves to an <span class=SpellE>ObjectRef</span> to the corresponding object instantiated at run-time.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Hope my ramblings are of some use!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Roger<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>