<font size=2 face="sans-serif">Dear all,</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">The CMC placed upon the CESG Chair the
above mentioned action to clarify the Time Transfer, Clock correlation
and Time Synchronisation Projects from the ICPA / IOAG Presentation.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">You will find below an extract from
the IOAG Service Catalogue 2, which is self explanatory</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">ciao</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">nestor</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"><b>**************************************************************************************************************</b></font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Time Services Group. These services
allow the calculation of time correlation elements and synchronization
by means of time distribution.</font>
<br>
<table width=612 style="border-collapse:collapse;">
<tr valign=top height=8>
<td width=95 style="border-style:none solid solid none;border-color:#000000;border-width:0px 1px 1px 0px;padding:0px 7px;">
<div align=center><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>IOAG Service Group</b></font></div>
<td width=121 style="border-style:none solid solid solid;border-color:#000000;border-width:0px 1px 1px 1px;padding:0px 7px;">
<div align=center><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>IOAG Service Types</b></font></div>
<td width=135 style="border-style:none solid solid solid;border-color:#000000;border-width:0px 1px 1px 1px;padding:0px 7px;">
<div align=center><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>Space Link Interface</b></font>
<br><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>Standards</b></font></div>
<td width=198 style="border-style:none none solid solid;border-color:#000000;border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px;padding:0px 7px;">
<div align=center><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>Ground Link Interface</b></font>
<br><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>Standards</b></font></div>
<tr height=8>
<td width=95 bgcolor=#ffcc99 style="border-style:solid solid none none;border-color:#000000;border-width:1px 1px 0px 0px;padding:0px 7px;">
<div align=center><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>Time Services</b></font></div>
<td width=121 bgcolor=#ccffcc style="border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#000000;border-width:1px 1px 0px 1px;padding:0px 7px;"><font size=2 face="Arial">Time
Synchronization Service</font>
<td width=135 bgcolor=#ccffcc valign=top style="border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#000000;border-width:1px 1px 0px 1px;padding:0px 7px;"><font size=2 face="Arial">Time
Transfer (TT) (*)</font>
<td width=198 bgcolor=#ccffcc valign=top style="border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#000000;border-width:1px 0px 0px 1px;padding:0px 7px;"><font size=2 face="Symbol">·
</font><font size=2 face="Arial">Clock
Correlation (CC) (*)</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Symbol">· </font><font size=2 face="Arial">Time
Synchronization (TS) (*) </font></table>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">(*) Provides capability that is more
auxiliary and secondary to the main Space Internetworking standards. Besides,
work-around solution is available now.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">In an attempt to reduce ambiguity, a
specific terminology is used that may differ from common practice used
in some space flight organizations. The term “clock” means some instrument
used to indicate, measure, keep, and/or co-ordinate time (on spacecraft
this is most often a counter driven by some accurate, but free running,
oscillator) while the term ”time” means a reading of such counter at
a point in time and, in particular, also to relate that time to a specific
universal timescale. Formalized definition of all of these terms is the
province of the standardization organizations.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Up until now missions have typically
used private means for doing clock correlation between a free-running spacecraft
clock and “Earth time”, by computing the relationship between the spacecraft
local clock and some universal timescale such as UTC. Typically this is
done by recording time data at specific events that are observable both
on the spacecraft and on ground (e.g., leading edge of the first bit of
the Attached Sync Marker of a clearly identifiable telemetry frame) and
then noting the time-tags both at transmission from the spacecraft and
at reception on ground. A clock correlation process is used on the ground
to establish the relationship between the spacecraft clock and Earth time.
This process requires precise knowledge of the position spacecraft at the
observed event so that the propagation delay induced by the signal path
can be compensated.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">More formally: ”time transfer” is
performed by exchanging time data formatted according to some agreed ”time
code”, while ”clock correlation” uses the data exchanged by ”time transfer”
in order to determine the offset between the clocks at the sending and
receiving ends. Clock correlation does not imply alignment of clocks, but
it may require knowledge of clock stability, skew, and drift and most importantly
the propagation delay induced by the signal path(s) involved in the time
transfer. Clock correlation may also involve comparison of local clock
times to some standard high precision clock that accurately reflects a
common timescale such as UTC.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Synchronization of activities on multiple
spacecraft may require time synchronization of their clocks to the same
universal timescale, e.g. UTC. Depending upon the application and the environment,
various means may be applied to either update the local clock (clock synchronization)
or just to maintain knowledge of the offsets between the spacecraft clock
and the universal timescale (clock correlation).</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">The essential process for time synchronization
relies on time transfer. The time data are used to calculate the offset
between the two clocks with or without eventually performing clock synchronization.
A generalized diagram for this is shown in Figure 4-1.</font>
<br><img src=cid:_1_0741BCEC0741B8940060889DC1257F4C style="border:0px solid;">
<br><font size=1 color=white face="Calibri">TIM</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif"><b>TIME SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICE</b></font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">The IOAG Time Synchronization Service
will allow aligning clocks to a common timescale, such as UTC and it requires
both clock correlation and time transfer be performed.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">For transferring timing information
one of the formats defined in [TCF, CCSDS 301.0-B-3 Time Code Formats.
Blue Book.] standard shall be used.</font>
<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">The Time Synchronization Service relies
on the following standards:</font>
<ul>
<li><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Clock Correlation Procedures [CC]</font>
<li><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Time Transfer [TT]</font>
<li><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Time Synchronization [TS].</font></ul><PRE>This message and any attachments are intended for the use of the addressee or addressees only.
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